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Summary: Common Sense, Rights of Man and Other Essential Writings of Thomas Paine
Comment: In view of the last presidential election, I decided to see just how far we, as a nation, have strayed from the intentions of our founding fathers. First I read the Constitution of the United States then I read Thomas Paine.
This man must have been the greatest political writer of his time. His knowledge of the French and American revolutions, politics, economics, and human nature were simply astounding! Though I had a little trouble with the English of the day, I was able to understand his main points and make my own comparisons.
There is no doubt about his feelings for "hereditary government." The theme that the rights of future generations are taken away when their elders setup "forever" governments seems to be one of the main threads of his writing. He explains many of the faults of hereditary governments while extolling the benefits of a constitutional republic.
The importance of having a government that can change with the times to fit the needs of the present while being able to allow for the future is another strong thread in his writing. This thread strengthens his argument in favor of the constitutional republic.
While I may or may not agree with the results of our recent elections, Paine has certainly helped me me understand why they turned out the way they did. "The more perfect the civilization is, the less occasion it has for Government, because the more it does regulate its own affairs, and govern itself..." Could it be the American people are tired of big government? Do Americans feel since government grew under the party of less government they need to see if the other party can do better?
On speaking of war, Paine says, "Why are not Republics plunged into war, but because the nature of their Government does not admit of an interest distinct from that of the Nation?....Instead, therefore, of exclaiming against the ambition of Kings, the exclamation should be directed against the principle of such Governments; and instead of seeking to reform the individual, the wisdom of a Nation should apply itself to reform the system."
I recommend this book to anyone who is seriously trying to understand our system of government. In order to understand where we are going, we must understand how we got to where we are.
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Summary: Every generation and age must be as free to act for itself
Comment: This was required reading for a graduate course in the history of the French Revolution. For Thomas Paine, the eighteenth century was the Age of Enlightenment because for the first time humankind was throwing off the millstones of religious dogmatism and political despotism. Paine essentially believed that the rights of man encompassed, "...all the intellectual rights, or rights of the mind, and also all those rights of acting as an individual for his own comfort and happiness, which are not injurious to the natural rights of others" (Paine, 68).
Paine's Rights of Man was an eloquent yet blistering rebuttal to Edmund Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France. Paine got right to the crux of the disagreement he had with Burke when he admonished him for his argument that governmental enactments of previous generations had the force and authority to bind citizens for all time. An example that Burke used was the English Parliament of 1688, which he praised as a model of the type of reform French citizens should emulate. Paine's answer was swift and cutting "Radical Enlightenment" reason. "Every age and generation must be as free to act for itself, in all cases, as the ages and generations which preceded it. The vanity and presumption of governing beyond the grave, is the most ridiculous and insolent of all tyrannies" (41-42). Paine also took Burke to task for his narrow understanding of French socio-political and economic problems leading up to 1789. Unlike Burke, Paine understood that the French Revolution, unlike the others that took place in Europe, was not just a revolt against the king. "Between the monarchy, the parliament, and the church, there was a rivalship of despotism, besides the feudal despotism operating locally, and the ministerial despotism operating everywhere" (48). Thus, what Paine witnessed, Alexis de Tocqueville and Georges Lefebvre observed, agreed with, and commented on, in their history's years later. The institutions that Burke defended in his Reflections, such as the nobility, Church, and monarchial rule, all became "fodder" for Paine's "grist mill" in his defense of France's new constitution.
Paine abhorred the institution of nobility and supported its dissolution for several reasons.
"Because the idea of hereditary legislation is as inconsistent...and absurd as an hereditary mathematician....Because it is continuing the uncivilized principle of governments founded in conquest, and the base idea of man having property over man, and governing him by personal right" (83). No friend to tradition, Paine took Burke to task for defending the notion of, "...hereditary rights, and hereditary succession, and that a Nation has not a right to form a Government for itself" (Paine, 116). Paine defended the French constitution's eradication of tithes to the Catholic Church and it "...hath abolished or renounced Toleration, and Intolerance also, hath established UNIVERSAL RIGHT OF CONSCIENCE" (85). Finally, Paine unleashed a most scathing attack against Burke's suggestion that France should reform its absolutist monarchy into a benign form of constitutional monarchy similar to what Britain enjoyed. "All hereditary government is in its nature tyranny" (172). "It occasionally puts children over men, and the conceits of nonage over wisdom and experience. In short, we cannot conceive a more ridiculous figure of government, than hereditary succession" (173).
Thus, Paine's Radical Enlightenment polemic, which sold more than 200,000 copies throughout Europe, was his reasoned and articulate project towards developing a better world. Consequently, there is no doubt that Paine, whose Radical Enlightenment pen proved to be "mightier than the sword" of despotism both in the American and French Revolutions, understood the importance of the nurturing relationship that Enlightenment philosophes had on the French Revolution. "But all those writings and many others had their weight; and by the different manner in which they treated the subject of government...by their moral maxims and systems of economy, readers of every class met with something to their taste" (Paine, 94).
Recommended reading for anyone interested in political philosophy, enlightenment history, and the French Revolution.
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Summary: classic American
Comment: My fourteen year old actually finds these essays humorous in light of what is currently going on within our society. While I realize that common sense is not something that is highly valued within our education system, it is highly necessary for running a government. Thumbs up. Share these ideals and thoughts with your children!
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Summary: Good collection, poor introduction
Comment: This little paperback is conveniently sized and conveniently priced. Were it not for the bothersome introduction, I would have gladly given it five stars. As it stands, however, I could do without radical leftist Sidney Hook's presumptuous introduction, wherein he arrogantly dictates to me precisely how I should read Thomas Paine, and in what manner Mr. Paine is correct and incorrect in his reasoning. Ripping out the introduction or going over it line-by-line with a black sharpie would be a marked improvement to this volume.
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Summary: Freedom and Rights of man
Comment: I have read much on the history of our beautiful country and also of other countries as well.
This book by Thomas Paine "COMMON SENSE AND THE RIGHTS OF MAN" is an extraordinary out line of how man should form his government and live in harmony with his fellow man in this world. Thomas Paine, one of our founding fathers, is a man that saw the rights of man being trampled on by England. His writing is plain common sense, of which many of us fail to utilize, about what a government should be and should not be. Our founding fathers gave us a Republic, if we could keep it. So far we have taken the declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights completly our of context. We are nowhere near the government our founding fathers gave us.
Those who wish to find the truth are compelled to read this book. Those who are satisified with the status quo will continue to be so. Read one of the best books ever written on the Rights of Man and then make your decision whether you want to live free men or langour in slavery.
Thomas Eby......
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